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J Biol Chem 286:20054–20064īurstein B, Nattel S (2008) Atrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54:230–246īalasubramanian S, Fan M, Messmer-Blust AF, Yang CH, Trendel JA, Jeyaratnam JA, Pfeffer LM, Vestal DJ (2011) The interferon-γ-induced GTPase, mGBP-2, inhibits TNF-α induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by inhibiting NF-κB and Rac.

KeywordsĪllessie M, Ausma J, Schotten U (2002) Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. In conclusion, the results suggested that taurine could inhibit the structural remodeling of AF in rats partly by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors and profibrotic molecules, attenuating the extent of myocardial fibrosis and protecting the integrity of myocardial ultrastructure. Electron microscopy revealed that taurine administration could significantly alleviate the ultrastructural damage of atrial cells, and the effects were similar to the Verapamil treatment. The alteration could be reversed by additional taurine. Masson’s trichrome staining of the left atrial tissue showed an obvious interstitial fibrosis in rats of automatic recovery group. The data showed that the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, AngII and the plasma levels of Hs-CRP and MMP-9 were significantly elevated in automatic recovery group relative to the control group (p < 0.01), which were all decreased by taurine administration (p < 0.01) similar to Verapamil treatment. The actions of taurine (99 mg/kg∙d, introgastric administration) on the levels of Hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, AngII, the extent of the fibrosis and ultrastructural changes in left atrial were studied. AF animal model was established by intravenous administered with the mixture of acetylcholine (Ach) and CaCl 2 (66 μg/mL + 10 mg/mL) (i.v.) for 7 days. In the present study, the therapy effects and partly mechanisms were investigated. Taurine has been reported to have anti-arrhythmia effects, but the anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) effects and its mechanism remain incompletely understood.